B3JS 



MAGRAM METHOD 



) PITMAN SYSTEIV 
SHORTHAND 





Class 

Book -£S 5 ^c 
Copyright N° 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



DIAGRAM METHOD 



OF THE 



IMPROVED PITMAN SYSTEM 
OF SHORTHAND 



JAMES C. BEATTY 



PUBLISHED BY 
JAMES C. BEATTY 

Baltimore, Md. 






Copyrighted by 

JAMES C. BEATTY 
1915 



h* 



AUG 31 I9I5©g,. a410280 
♦"WO | 



Write Ch ( / ) at an angle of sixty degrees, and upward 
R ( j^ ) at an angle of thirty degrees. 



(PG)(Z)ee® 



PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET 



Phono- 
graph 

Letter 


Direction 
Written 


Pronounced 


Phono- 
. graph 

Letter 


Direction 
Written 


Pronounced 


1 T 


Downward Te, ete. 


y sh 


Downwarc 


She, eshe. 


1 ° 


» t 


De, ede. 


k F 


«« 


Fe, efe. 


\ P 


«« 


Pe, epe. 


^ v 


" 


Ve, eve. 


\ B 


( < 


Re, ebe. 


,Rch 
TlRj 


" 


Rch, 


/ Ch 


" 


Che, eche. 


i < 


Rj, erje. 


/* 


» 


Je, eje. 


J Rm 


«• 


Reme. 


K 


Left to right Ke, eke. 


r ^ 


" 


Ler, eler. 


— G 


" 


Ge, ege. 


r l 


1 1 


El, ele. 


<S M 


" 


Me, eme. 


r l* 


Upward 


Le. 


^j Mp 


" 


Mpe, empe. 


/"" Lk 


" 


Lke, elke. 


'Mb 


< < 


Mbe, embe. 


c^ W 


" 


We, ewe. 


V^ N 


- 


Ne, ene. 


£/ Wh 


" 


Whe, ewhe 


wNg 


" 


Ing, enge. 


^ Wr 


" 


Wer, ewer. 


— » X 


i i 


Eks. 


//Whr 


" 


Wher,ewher 


^ R 


Downward 


Er, ere. 


^"Y 


" 


Ye. 


-^ R 


Upward 


Re. 


_>/ M 


< t 


Me, eme. 


l/i Nf 


Left to right Nefe, enfe. 


^H 


« i 


He. 


" 


Neve, enve. 


^Sw 


41 


Swe, eswe. 


( Th 


Downward 


The, ethe. 


c/ M & n 


" 


Mgne. 




< i 
* • 


Se, ese. 
Ze, eze. 


* When not the first stroke in a word, 
it may be written upward or downward. 



O reads S, O read s SS. Pass \q Passes^ Case — & Cases — P 

Q reads St, Q reads Str. Past \) Pastor ^ 

( X ), ( )° ) Represents a period. 

(^-^*^^ ) Written upward represents an interrogation point. 

( n ) Represents a comma. 

( J ) Represents exclamation point. 
Two small commas written under a word indicate a proper name. 

Note that a circle is not joined to a small hook in the first position. 



R 



rr\ 



Left 



N 



w 



Right 



For V 



First Position 

sr <P s wr£~Q w 



Left 



NS 



Right Left 



Third Position 



Nshun< 



Right 



d^ 



Shun 



Position 



Size 



Side 



1st Position 








L 

/C N 1st Posit 
( R 


on ^j^— 


3rd Position 

Sflj 


Position 


>. Shun 


L 


Shun 


Size 


3rd Position 










S 


S 





The Stem when it has a circle, hook or loop joined to it is read as 
one syllable. Words of two syllables should be written with two 
strokes, except when the sense is perfectly clear, then the circle, 
hook and loop may be joined to it, and pronounced as two syllables. 



PRONUNCIATION 

Short E, as in pet, is the representative vowel, that is, when 

pronounced in conjunction with the consonant stroke it takes the 

place of, or represents, the principal vowel sounds. It is the vowel 

by which phonographs are named. (See Alphabet) 

12 3 4 5 

Tar, tre, ter, tere etre eter 

1 1 1 V } \ 

In the word Tar, T with R hook, if difficulty was experienced in 
reading the word, the first pronunciation should be used; if not 
successful then the second, etc. To grasp the sense of the word, 
first read rapidly four to eight words back, then read the conso- 
nants in the stumbling block, and if possible one or two words after 
it, without stopping 
Pay, pe \ toe, te J edge, eje > check, cheke J__^ 

RULES 

1. Half length letters add T or D. Cat — Mat O 

2. Con, Com, or Accom, should be omitted, whether a prefix or 
when they come between two consonants, either in the same 
or in a preceding word, and to show it, write the remaining 
syllable, syllables or word that follows, under and clcse to the 
consonant, or word that precedes. 

Where no word precedes express the omission by a dot. 

(Constant perserverance pays, j ^^3 \j X ) 

The Bell Company, \v Unconrined v -*\3 In compliance ^-^r 

3. Hooks read after stems to which they are joined. 

4. Circles and loops read where they are written. 

5. Double length letters add Tr, Dr. Thr. Better \ 



Mother f N^ 
A straight letter made double length, repeats the consonant 
stroke, or adds Tr, Dr, Thr, Judge 



/ 



A curved stroke when made double length adds Tr, Dr, and 
Thr only 

7. Repetition of a curved stroke is alwajs indicated by an 
angle made by joining the stroke. Lily *** 

8. Final hooks on double length letters read after the Tr, Dr, 
Thr. Modern /< ^ Lantern f^ 2 

9. Ing may be shown by writing the character Ing \^^y or by 

using a dot close to the end of the stem. Calling c 

Being \ % 

10. Any upward stroke written heavy adds L, with the exception 
of L, which adds K 

11. A protruding line, in the firs.t position, reads N, when written 
. heavy it adds T or D. Answer Qr~~ Instruct J^_ 

Indulge „// Industry H" Insure ~y 

i2. A protruding line in the third, position reads Shun. A circle 
may be joined to Shun protruding. Position ^q 

Questions CJp> 

13. A large circle joined to any of the pronouns reads Self, or 
Selves. Themselves [q 

14. A small circle written close to the beginning of a stem reads 
Self. Selfish J? 

15. A small circle written close to the end of a word reads Soever. 
Whichsoever A 

16. A large circle written close to the end of a word reads less- 
ness, or someness. Carelessness c O 

17. Shading a large final hook adds L. National ^J 

APPLICATION OF THE DOWNWARD R AND L 
AND UPWARD R AND L 

The downward R ( "^ ) and L ( ( ) are generally used 
when preceded by a vowel, and the upward R ( m ^<^* ) and L 
( f ) are used when followed by a vowel. Error 
Rock y> Elk £_ Latch /*J 

S ( ) ) is used when it is the only consonant sound in the syl- 
lable, and also when it is the first consonant in the syllable, and is 

preceded by a vowel. Say ) See 1 Us j Escape ] 

Assume A^ \ 



A small circle preceded by St, or Str may be written on the out- 
side of a stroke. Mistress ^^> 

TICKS 

A light tick written through a word shows that the vowel pre- 
cedes, and is used sometimes in order to make the writing clearer. 

The H tick is a small tick written on left hand side of straight 
letters with a slight curve, and on outside of curved letters, straight, 
and at a sharp angle. It reads before the stem. Hat ( 
Hope \ Him ^-> 

Whenever H occurs in the middle of a word and is not preceded 
by T or S, it can be expressed by a heavy tick written through the 
syllable in which the H is sounded. Perhaps \ 

The Lr tick is written on right rtfcnd side of straight letters with 
a slight curve, and on the inside of curve letters. It is read after 
the stem. Dollar I Miller < "N 

The K tick is written at a very sharp angle in the third position 
on F, V, K, G, Th, only. When written heavy it adds T or D. 
Cook — 7 Cooked — 7 Fact S- 

. The Ed tick is written in the third position. On F, V, K, G per- 
pendicularly and downward; on M and N horizontally, and on all 
other letters at the most convenient angle. It is used only when 
a word ends in the clear syllable of "ed", not D. Coated — l 
Noted v^r« Painted P 

NUMERALS 

One ( c^7 ), Two ( n ) or 2. Write 3 to 9 inclusive in long- 
hand. A naught following all numerals, except the One ( c^ ), 
may be expressed by a line, as 20 X-^" 50 j 70 1*~~^ 

Hundreds are expressed by a Half length N, as t X 7 ~ 2~ 8 ^ 
^Thousands are expressed by a little dash above the figure, ^/} 
3, 9. 

Hundreds of thousands may be expressed, C X ,? 4 5 

Millions may be expressed by M and L hook, s y* £\ 8 (T\ 



EXCEPTIONS 

Since we already have two characters to represent the combina- 
tions of S and R, namely circle S and upward R ( c^ ), and 
circle S and downward R ( c7> \ ), we utilized the character 
( ^ ), S with R hook, for the inverted Thr. 

Fr ^ Vr ^ Fl ^ VI ^ and f hi *) , for the sake of 
joining, are sometimes inverted. When joining an F or V to K or 
G, always invert the F or V. Forget °V- Flock ^ A— — 

Words commencing with Thr or Vr when not preceded by a vowel 
are inverted. When preceded by a vowel, do not invert. 
There J Very ^^ Either Q Every \^ 

A hook is never joined in the first position to R, up or down, 
(.^-- "^ )S( ) ), RchorRj( "^ )L( /" ),. 

A small hook joined to the downward L, reads F or V, provided 
the stem L is joined t6 another stroke, or the stroke is joined to 
the hook. Believe f Elephant £, 

The St or Sir loop is never joined on the left hand side of T, D, 
P or B when followed by a stem. Distant ty Disturb rjs. 

When a Tion or Ention hook is joined to a half length letter it 
reads after the T or D. Invitation ^^-O Expedition ~~^J 

EXPEDIENTS AND CONTRACTIONS 

Cog, when it has the sound of con, may be omitted, see Rule 2. 
Recognize ^"vj> 

Ment may be omitted where the sense is clear. 

Sometimes K may be implied by shortening the stroke which 
precedes it. Subject >w Object \ Expect * — ^ 

The terminal Ship may be supplied by Sip, and sometimes an en- 
tire syllable. Penmanship, pensip \ Workmanship, 



worksip 

The sound Nk may, in some cases, be supplied by Ing ( y^y ). 
Distinction ^ Sink <*~^ 

The R and L hooks may be written thus; Parliament No 
Pearl \ 
Q Hn, as in Henry £^ Hundred ^ 



A small circle at the end of a word is frequently read Us. 
Gracious c ^J Ambitious ^/ 

By intersecting a word, frequently recurring words and phrases 
may be shown. Singing Society **~j<" 
Building Association ^V, War Department ^1 

A long or difficult joining may also be shortened by intersecting 
the first and last syllable of a word. Assignor <A^ 
Assignment ^> 

VOCALIZATION OF WORDS 

Long Vowels. A, represented by a heavy dot in first position. 
E, represented by a heavy dot in third position. 
I, ( v ), Oh ( * ), and U ( a )• 
How, ow ( A ), oi ( /-- ), and awe ( / ) may be used to 
vocalize a certain class of words. All of these, with the excep- 
tion of A and E, should be joined to the stroke when convenient, 
and may be written either in the first or third place. Day 
Eat | ( Tie |> Sight *f Oak I — Europe r^\ Oil ? 
Oyster fy 
•Short Vowels. A, represented by alight dot in first position. 
E, represented by a light dot in third position. 
I, represented by writing first half of long 

vowel • < I." 
0, represented by writing long vowel "O" light. 
U, represented by inverting long vowel U. 

A short vowel is never joined to a stroke. 
Pitch S Province %^& Glum c—r*^ 

Short Vowels are very seldom used. 



GRAMMALOGUES 



A 




As or Has 

Beyond 

You 

I 

How 

All 

With 

What 

When 

Would 

Awe or Ought 

Is as 

As is 

Year 

In 

Woman 

Warmth 


w 


The 


, 


O 


And or An (up) 


x* 


n 


And a 


s~ 


v 


And the 


-/ 


A 


Of 


\ 


\ 


Of a 


V 


< 


Of the 


> 


3 


On 


1 


<- 


But 




5 


Will (up) 


<r 


/ 


Was 




a 


To 







Should 




a 


Who 




vv 


Oh 




>-3 


To be 


\ 


>-> 


Is or His 





( 



A and O (Oh) • » 
E (The) I and U ^ 



Write, At I 



Man s~5 



Men s~^ 



it f 

Tick Left to Right 



Out ^ 
Tick Right to Left 



The grammalogue "Your" (■- ) ) (R) can be expressed with 

an R hook when joined to a word' such as: At your | 

To your <\ Of your On your 

"Have" ( V^ ) (V) can be expressed; To have >o 

Should have c We have ^P 



ABBREVIATED WORDS 



Shall 

First 

From 

Which 

Nevertheless 

Have 

Notwithstanding 

Them 

He 

Or, or Your 

Our, or Are (up) 

Impossible 

Important 

Especial 

Represent, -ative 



J 
/ 



* 



Remember 
Remarkable, -bly 
Immediate,, -ly 
Different, ence 
Deliver, -y 
Danger, ous 
General, ly 
Establish, -ment 
Government 
Governmental 
Now 
However 
Language 
Thing 



y\ 



T 

r 

j 



t 



Dear Sir; We are in receipt of your letter announcing the removal 

Der ser wer in resete of your leter ennensing the remevel 
ot your company's offices, and have added the new address to our 

of your com-penes efess and have eded the neu edres to our 
records. Yours truly, 

^ D V 

rekerds. Yours trele 



/ </^ January 

^-r February 

<^y March 

T April 

•**"*\ May 



Abbreviated 



/ J 



une 



J/^ July / ""p Monday 

— *-* August P Tuesday b 

v^ September (/M 5 Wednesday c^ 7 

~*\ October <J Thursday J 

\) November C Friday v^ 

J-^ December \ Saturday I 

^ Sunday ^ 



v"> I am 

rf /w^ You will, -are 

f Your favor of the 

K*f \*/ If you will, - are 

^ ■ More than 

a, Is of 

9 Is to 



PHRASING 

C_^T~ In regard 

<L\ In re piy 

C f In receipt 

\C_S As soon as 

^H* If 



c\ 



you have not 



As or has of 



As or has to 



I] Detroit 
J Denver 
~~?P Kansas City 



New York 
^f~>s Baltimore 



/^A' Omaha 

^-^ \ San Francisco 

V St. Louis 

^yi Washington 

C _ 



